一种新的、“更好的”加密货币Unit-e，能在一秒内执行五千至一万笔交易（Visa级），同时还能保证链上和网络安全性，这是MIT、Stanford、UC Berkeley、USC、UIUC、CMU、UW Seattle七家高校的学者在基金会DTR的资助下提出的。

根据他们的报告，他们设计了新的共识算法、P2P网络算法、分片算法、路由算法，重点放在了扩展性（scalability），实现了安全性、存储、计算方面的最佳权衡，达到了现有物理限制下的极限。

这是学界对币圈的最新动议，是争取去中心化的新一次尝试。

不多说，以下提供官方新闻稿和报告《去中心化支付系统：原理及设计》第一、二章概述部分（pp. 8-18）的翻译，中英对照。

分布式技术研究成立基金会并推出电子单元（Unit-e），一个全球扩展的分散支付网络 Distributed Technologies Research Launches Foundation and Introduces Unit-e， a Globally Scalable Decentralized Payments Network

顶尖学者联手应对未解决的区块链扩展性的挑战 Leading Academics Join Forces to Tackle Unsolved Challenges of Blockchain Scalability

瑞士ZUG，2019年1月17日，PRNewswire讯 分布式技术研究（Distributed Technologies Research，DTR）是一家为分布式技术的创新研究和开发提供资金的非营利基金会，今天正式宣布启动，并推出其首个项目Unit-e，一个全球扩展的去中心化支付系统。

ZUG， Switzerland， Jan. 17, 2019 /PRNewswire/ — Distributed Technologies Research（”the Foundation” or “DTR”）， a non-profit foundation that funds innovative research and development of distributed technologies， today announced its official launch， and introduces its first project， Unit-e， a globally scalable decentralized payments system.

因扩展性的挑战，加密货币尚未得到广泛采用。DTR正资助研究，处理区块链技术全部堆栈，以提供可扩展功能。这些创新将被用于正在开发的Unit-e，并适用于所有通用型区块链。

Cryptocurrencies have not yet achieved widespread adoption， in part due to scalability challenges. DTR is funding research to address the entire blockchain technology stack to deliver scalable performance. These innovations are being applied in the development of Unit-e and are applicable to all general-purpose blockchains.

“区块链和数字货币市场处于一个有趣的十字路口，让人回想起电信和互联网等行业即将达到拐点的时刻，”DTR基金会理事会主席Babak Dastmaltschi说，“这都是变革性的时代。将世界上每个人联系在一起，我们已十分接近。分布式技术的进步将使开放式网络成为可能，无需中心权威的管理。DTR的成立旨在实现和支持这场革命，正是在这种情况下，我们推出了Unit-e。“

“The blockchain and digital currency markets are at an interesting crossroads， reminiscent of the inflection points reached when industries such as telecom and the internet were coming of age，” said Babak Dastmaltschi， Chairman of the DTR Foundation Council. “These are transformative times. We are nearing the point where every person in the world is connected together. Advancements in distributed technologies will enable open networks， avoiding the need for centralized authorities. DTR was formed with the goal of enabling and supporting this revolution， and it is in this vein that we unveil Unit-e.”

分布式技术研究 Distributed Technologies Research

是这个信念让我们成立该基金会：分布式信任将成为我们社会的核心，并且需要创新的新研发来实现这一目标。它的使命是：将网络、分布式存储、信息理论、通信理论、激励设计、博弈论和密码学等不同领域的全球思想领袖、开发人员、研究人员联系在一起，促进业界与学术界的大规模协作。

The Foundation was established with the belief that distributed trust will be at the core of our society and that innovative new research and development is needed to achieve this. Its mission is to promote large-scale collaboration across industry and academia by linking together a global community of thought leaders， developers and researchers across fields ranging from networking， distributed storage， information theory， communication theory， incentive design， game theory and cryptography.

DTR正在资助来自美国顶尖大学的研究人员的分布式协作，致力于解决区块链可扩展性未解决的技术挑战。该研究小组将终身教授与冉冉升起的学术新星、获奖者、专利持有着、作者和成功的分布式技术企业家融合一起。他们每一位都将个体的专业知识带到不断发展的跨学科团队，专注于使用第一性原则、全栈方法从头开始重新设计区块链。

DTR isfunding a distributed collaboration of researchers from top universities acrossthe US， working on the unsolved technical challenges of blockchain scalability. The research group mixes tenured professors with rising research stars， award winners， patent holders， authors and successful distributed technologies entrepreneurs. They each bring their individual subject matter expertise to the growing， multi-disciplinary team focused on redesigning blockchains from the ground up with a first-principles， full-stack approach.

“在比特币首次出现后的10年里，区块链已经从一种新颖的想法发展成为一个学术研究领域，”DTR首席研究员、卡内基梅隆大学电子与计算机工程助理教授Giulia Fanti说，“我们的方法是首先理解区块链性能的基本限制，然后以在严格理论框架内可证为要求，发现解决方案，尽可能接近这些限制。”

“In the 10 years since Bitcoin first emerged， blockchains have developed from a novel idea to a field of academic research，” said Giulia Fanti， a leadresearcher for DTR and Assistant Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Carnegie Mellon University. “Our approach is to first understand fundamental limits on blockchain performance， then to develop solutions that operate as close to these limits as possible， with results that are provable within a rigorous theoretical framework.”

作为非营利组织，所有基金会的资源必须用于支持研究和开发。DTR致力于，在全球范围内，持续支持和资助研究合作和Unit-e开源开发者社区。

As a non-profit， all the Foundation’s resources must be directed towards supporting research and development. DTR is committed to growing both the research collaboration and the Unit-e open-source developer community globally withongoing support and funding.

“DTR正在创造一个良性循环的生态系统，”DTR的研究员、伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校电子与计算机工程教授Pramod Viswanath说，“创新的研究吸引了顶尖学者参与合作，这进一步加快了创新步伐。迄今为止，我们已有超过10篇论文在同行评审的顶级学术组织发表（或正在审核中）。”

“DTR is creating an ecosystem with a virtuous cycle，” said Pramod Viswanath， a researcher for DTR and Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. “Innovative research attracts top caliber academics to the collaboration， which further accelerates the pace ofinnovation. This has resulted in over 10 papers so far， published （or underreview） in peer-reviewed top scientific venues.”

迄今为止发布的解决方案旨在形成一个整体方案，解决区块链技术堆栈的每一层：共识、分片、支付渠道、隐私与安全，及经济学与激励。DTR关于区块链完善研究计划的愿景载于研究宣言《去中心化支付系统：原理及设计》，其中介绍了Unit-e的架构，并将作为一部研究著作出版。

The solutions published to date seek to form a holistic package addressing each layer of the blockchain technology stack: consensus， sharding， payment channels， privacy and security， and economics and incentives. DTR’s vision for a consummate research program on blockchains is set out in a research manifesto， “Decentralized Payment Systems: Principles and Design，” which introduces the architecture of Unit-e and will be published as a research book.

电子单元 Unit-e

货币是世界上最为通行的制度性信任体系，但对这些金融机构的信任已被侵蚀。需要一种新方法，本基金会认为支付是区块链首个“杀手级应用”。因此，DTR的首先推出的是全球扩展的去中心化支付网络：Unit-e。

Money is the world’s most universal system of institutional trust， but trust in these financial institutions has been eroded. A new approach is needed， and the Foundation believes payments is the first “killer application” forblockchains. Therefore， DTR’s first initiative is a globally scalable decentralized payments network: Unit-e.

“扩展性的缺乏阻碍了加密货币的应用，而DTR的开创性研究正在解决这个问题，”加入DTR基金会理事会的Joey Krug说道，他是Unit-e的支持者Pantera Capital的联合首席投资官，“Unit-e开发人员正在将这项研究转化为真正的可扩展性能，这将有助大量分散的金融应用。”

“A lack of scalability is holding back cryptocurrency adoption， and DTR’s groundbreaking research is addressing this，” said Joey Krug， who is joining the DTR Foundation Council， and is Co-Chief Investment Officer at Pantera Capital， a backer of Unit-e. “The Unit-e developers are turning this research into real scalable performance which will benefit a huge swath of decentralized financial applications.”

Unit-e核心是位于德国柏林的开源和分布式系统工程师顶级团队。团队成员来自8个国家，在多行业有构建协议、开发人员工具、API和高扩展软件10年的平均经验。该团队确保Unit-e代码库保持创新、代码质量、安全性、协议设计和开源准备度的最高标准。

Unit-e core is a top-tier team of open-source and distributed systems engineers based inBerlin， Germany. The team represents 8 nationalities with an average of 10 years of experience building protocols， developer tools， APIs and high-scale software across multiple industries. The team ensures the Unit-e codebase maintains the highest standards for innovation， code quality， security， protocol design and open-source readiness.

该项目的意识形态牢牢植根于透明度，信赖开源，以包容性决策为了公共利益而开发去中心化软件。善治对于维护此意识形态和促进Unit-e生态系统的长期发展至关重要。

The project’s ideology is firmly rooted in transparency， with a belief in open-source， decentralized software developed in the public interest with inclusive decision-making. Good governance is essential for maintaining this ideology and fostering the long-term development of the Unit-e ecosystem.

“拥有一个健康有效的治理流程对于加密货币项目的成功非常重要，”Unit-e独立技术指导委员会主任、伊利诺伊大学香槟分校电子与计算机工程系助理教授Andrew Miller说，“Unit-e从一开始就专注于解决这些问题，从成功的开源和学术项目的悠久历史中吸取教训。”

“Having a healthy and effective governance process is important for the success of a cryptocurrency project，” said Andrew Miller， head of the Unit-e independent technical steering committee and Assistant Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.” Unit-e has focused on addressing these topics from the start， learning lessons from a long history of successful open-source and academic projects.”

Unit-e的目标是在2019年下半年全网启动。

Unit-e is targeting a network launch in the second half of 2019.

关于分布式技术研究 About Distributed Technologies Research

分布式技术研究（“基金会”或“DTR”）是一家总部位于瑞士的非营利性基金会，为分布式技术的创新研究和开发提供资金。其首个项目是加密货币Unit-e。由突破性研究支持，Unit-e是一个全球扩展的去中心化支付网络。欲了解更多信息，请访问www.dtr.org。

Distributed Technologies Research （”the Foundation” or “DTR”） is a Swiss-based non-profit foundation that funds innovative research and development of distributed technologies. Its first initiative is the cryptocurrency Unit-e. Backed by ground breaking research， Unit-e is a globally scalable decentralized payments network. For more information， please visit www.dtr.org.

消息来源分布式技术研究 SOURCE Distributed Technologies Research

相关链接 http://www.dtr.org

去中心化支付系统：原则与设计

Decentralized Payment Systems: Principles and Design

Editors: Giulia Fanti and Pramod Viswanath

The Distributed Technology Research Foundation

January 16,2019

第一章 导论 Introduction

Giulia Fanti，CMU

Pramod Viswanath，UIUC

Unit-e是一种专门用于支付的加密货币，强调性能和最先进的去中心扩展性。虽然提供智能合约的区块链必须解决完整、去中心的状态机复制问题，但轻量级支付交易提供了大量的并行性。因此，我们缩小了通用型区块链系统的目标，并以整体的第一性原则方式处理这些问题。我们注意到，虽然重点关注的是支付，但我们发现Unit-e设计中涉及的大部分研究成果也提供了可编程性（例如通过用图灵或伪图灵完整语言编写的智能合约）；我们将在宣言的适当部分讨论这些后果。为了成为普在的全球支付系统，Unit-e旨在以完全去中心的方式满足以下五个要求：

Unit-e is a cryptocurrency that specializes exclusively on payments， with a strong emphasison performance and state-of-the-art， decentralized scalability. Whereas blockchains offering smart contracts must solve the problem of full， decentralized state-machine replication， lightweight payment transactions offer massive parallelism. Consequently， we narrow the objectives of a general purpose blockchain system， and tackle these questions in a holistic， first-principles manner. We note that although focused on payments， we find that much of the research output involved in the design of Unit-e also provides programmability （e.g. through smart contracts written in Turing or pseudoTuringcomplete languages）； we discuss these ramifications in the appropriate sections throughput the manifesto. To become a ubiquitous global payment system， Unit-e is designed to meet the following five requirements in a fully-decentralized manner: